Reflective account on disability and society Essay

Reflective account on disability and society - Essay Example I subscribe more to the social model of disability which faults society in discriminating against individuals with disabilities. It is not their fault that they were born or acquired impairments that limits their abilities to function normally like the majority. It is a good thing that this point was realized by lawmakers who have created legislations to support and protect them such as the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) and the Equality Act that replaced it. Positive social models encourage society to provide opportunities to disabled individuals such as inclusion in education and equal opportunities in employment. Enabling and empowering them makes a huge difference in their lives and helps boost their self-esteem in the realization that their rights as human beings are respected. I was more concerned with children with disabilities. They are just beginning their lives and if society looks down upon them in their young age and are not given the support they need, then hopes for a better future are significantly reduced. This deprives society of possible contributions which may further help in its growth and progress. Individuals who have disabilities such as Nick Vujicic, Hellen Keller, Franklin Roosevelt, Albert Einstein, and more have gone on to be successful in their lives despite their disabilities. If they were not given the chance early on to develop their skills, then it would have been a huge loss to society. It is amazing how science has brought about positive developments in medical, behavioural and educational interventions to help people with disabilities. Various therapies have been designed to address the needs of different illnesses and developmental disorders. Inclusive strategies both in educational institutions and workplaces have been embracing the diverse conditions of the disabled population. What is more heart-warming is the collaboration of various agencies to provide multi-agency support so that all aspects of the disabled

The Sperm and the Egg Essay Example for Free

The Sperm and the Egg Essay Rhettman Mullis The Sperm and the Egg Hello, my name is Eve and today is going to be the most exciting day of my life. It has been a really long journey but I have finally made it to the infundibulum, this is the outer part of a women’s fallopian tube. My medical name is known as â€Å"Ova†, but to my friends I am known as Eve or Egg. I have recently been in contact with a germ cell named Adam. His medical name is known as â€Å"Sperm† and he lives inside of a human body of a male. Adam and I have been dreaming and planning this adventure for quite some time now. I am just praying that when we finally do meet that everything goes according to plan. You see, this day is so important because when Adam and I meet we will be joining as one to create a life. When we unite we will create either a male or female embryo which will grow into a baby. This process all starts with the life of a female human being. When a female child is born they are born with all the ova they will ever have throughout their life, which is about 2 million. After about 15-17 years that child is more developed and goes through a stage in their life called puberty. Only about 400, 00 of the 2 million Ova make it through this stage in a women’s life. I was lucky enough to be one of those 400, 00 who made it through. After this stage myself and the remaining ova resided in a thin capsule inside the women’s ovaries called the follicle. When the woman has reached her reproductive years and the ova have reached their full ripened potential they will be released in hopes of fertilization. There are only about 400 ripened ova that typically make it to possible fertilization. This is roughly 1ova per month (Rathus, S. A. , Nevid, J. S. , amp; Fichner-Rathus, L 2011) and today is my day, the day I have been planning my whole life. Today is the day Adam and I will embark on a journey to create a life. I have just been released and am now making my way to the fallopian tube. Once I reach the fallopian tube I will wait for Adam patiently and we will set off on our journey together. Traveling down the fallopian tube is about a 4 inches long, and will not be a quick trip, however it is vital. The fallopian tube works like a passageway to help nourish and conduct myself and other ova passing through on our way to the uterus. Cilia are hair like projections that line the fallopian tube that help me along my journey. The cilia move me through the tube about 1 inch day. Fertilization usually occurs in the infundibulum, within a couple of inches of the ovaries because ova must be fertilized within a day or two after they are released from the ovaries. Rathus, S. A. , Nevid, J. S. , amp; Fichner-Rathus, L. 2011). During which my host will begin the ovulation process, and within two weeks we will have either created a life or my host will menstruate. Adams journey will begin in the seminiferous tubules, which is located inside of male’s testes. While in this location Adam will develop which will take about 2 months for him to reach his full ripened potential. Onc e Adam is developed and ready to go he will travel to the epididymis where he will be carried to the urethra from the force of ejaculation. Once in the urethra Adam will meet a mixture of secretions that were created by his host’s prostate gland. This mixture that was created will help Adam find his way to Eve to begin their journey together. When Adam’s host is sexual aroused and is about the ejaculate his pelvic muscles will begin to contract. Adam will now leave the males body through the releasing of the mixture through the penis and inserted in the vagina. Once Adam and I meet we will begin the fertilization process. This is where we will begin to create the human life we have always dreamed about. Adam’s 23 chromosomes from the father’s sperm cell combine with the 23 chromosomes from the mother’s ovum, furnishing the standard ensemble of 46 in the offspring. Among the 23 chromosomes borne by sperm cells is one sex chromosome—an X sex chromosome or a Y sex chromosome. Ova contain X Sex chromosomes only. The union of an X sex chromosome and a Y sex chromosome Leads to the development of male offspring. Two X sex chromosomes combine to yield female offspring (Rathus, S. A. , Nevid, J. S. , amp; Fichner-Rathus, L. 2011). Adam and I have great news to present, the trip when according to plan and together we have created a baby girl. It was a long journey and at time we were not quite sure if everything was going to work in our favor. Despite it all everything worked out and we have successfully completed this mission and our goals in life. REFERENCES Rathus, S. A. , Nevid, J. S. , amp; Fichner-Rathus, L. (2011). Human sexuality in a world of diversity (8th ed. ) Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

The Transformation of Hal in Shakespeares Henry IV Essay -- Henry IV

The Transformation of Hal in Henry IV      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare's Henry IV, the character Hal, the Prince of Wales, undergoes a transformation that can be characterized as a redemption. Shakespeare introduces Hal, in the opening act as a renegade of the Court.   His avoidance of all public responsibility and his affinity for the company of   the Boar's Head Tavern, have caused serious concern for the King, because Hal is heir to the throne.   The King realizes that to keep order, a ruler and his heir must prove to be both responsible and honorable;   from the outset Hal possesses neither quality.   The King even testifies to his own advisor, that he would have rather traded Hal for Hotspur, the son of the Earl of Northumberland.   In the King's eyes Hotspur, not Hal,   is the "theme of honor's tongue" (1.1. 80), because he has won his glory through his merits in war.   Thus, Shakespeare has set Hal and Hotspur in opposition:   Hal, the prodigal prince, versus Hotspur, the proper prince.   Hal understands that he has been branded with the label, "truant to chivalry,"(5.1.   95) and as the heir to the throne, he realizes that it is imperative that he redeem himself not only for himself, but also for his father and his people because life will not always be a holiday , for "If all the year were playing holidays, To sport would be as tedious as work" (1.2. 211- 212).   However Hal needs some type of strength to make his realization come true.      Luckily Hal's father, the King is willing to lend several comments that enrage him and provide him with the necssary motivation.   It also seems that Shakespeare has included the foil for Hal, the vali... ...o someday rule the nation.       Works Cited and Consulted Barber, C.L. "Rule and Misrule in Henry1V." William Shakespeare: Histories and Poems. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 143-167. Bloom, Harold. Henry IV, Part One: Bloom's Notes. New York: Chelsea House, 1996. Cruttwell,Patrick. Hernry IV. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1999. Kantor, Andrea. Henry IV, Part One. London: Baron's Education Series, Inc, 1984. Princiss, G.M. Henry IV Criticism. Shakespeare For Students, Vol.II. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1999. Shakespeare, William. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed Stephen Greenblatt, et al. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997. Shakespeare, William.  Ã‚   1Henry IV.   In The Norten Anthology of English Literature. Eds.   M.H. Abrams et all.   5th Ed. New York: Norton, 1987.  

Farehnheit 451 Essay

Fahrenheit 451 is a novel about how the world would be without feelings, emotions, and knowing what you want in life. Mildred Montag and Clarisse McClellan are two different characters in the novel that act in very diverse ways. The main distinctions between Mildred and Clarisse is that, their personalities are different, they have different views on life, and their feelings toward Guy are completely dissimilar. Mildred Montag is one of the main characters in Fahrenheit 451. Mildred has many struggles and difficulties. She is unrealistic, cares only about herself, and doesn’t show any real emotions. Guy Montag is her husband, but yet it doesn’t feel that way in the novel. No emotions are showed between the two, they sleep in different beds, and their views are both very different. Mildred’s main hobby is watching television. She is unexciting, vacant, and obsessed with television. Throughout the novel nothing new is said about Mildred, her character doesn’t change and nor do her feelings. In one part of the novel, Guy asks her how she feels about life, is she satisfied, is she happy? â€Å"I’m proud of it (Bradbury 26) † she says, and she convinces herself to be content even though she is not. Clarisse McClellan is one of the characters that have an immense impact in Montag’s life. Clarisse has an independent mind; she has intellect and shows feelings and emotions. Innocence is her strength and is one of the realistic characters in the novel. Clarisse has a short part in the novel but made a full impact on the main character; Montag. Something that she shows is being normal and just enjoying the fine things in life. In one part of the novel she says to Montag, â€Å"Isn’t this a nice time to walk? I like to smell things and look at things, and sometimes stay up all night, walking and watch the sunrise (Bradbury, 7).† It shows how she appreciates what she has, she isn’t afraid of anyone, and she know how to just be herself. Clarisse’s feelings towards Montag in the book make a big influence on him. When she first meets him she isn’t afraid to express herself. She walks along him as he goes home and says, â€Å"Do you mind if I walk back with you? I’m Clarisse McClellan (Bradbury, 6).† This just shows how different she is and how she is not afraid to act the way she does.

Speech Outline: How to Start an Iv

How to Start an IV Introduction Attention Getter: How many people here have ever had to get an IV in the hospital? Was it a positive or negative experience for you? If you are one of the people that said yes then you know it can be a frightening and sometimes painful experience. What I am about to explain to you comes from my 8 years of experience as an emergency room nurse starting thousands of IVs. Some of the things I tell you could help you understand the process better and ease your anxiety for any future emergency room visit you or your loved one may have. Specific purpose: To demonstrate and explain the process of starting an IVCredibility: As a registered nurse for eight years I start IVs on a daily basis and I am a resource nurse for nurses whose patients are difficult to start IVs on from pediatric to geriatric patients. Thesis: Today I want to share my expertise on establishing intravenous access by explaining the process from preparation to discontinuing IV access. Body I . Preparation A. Basic preparation/Standard precautions 1. Explain procedure 2. Wash hands 3. Apply gloves 4. Position patient 5. Procedure assistant (if needed) B. Locate vein 1. Apply tourniquet 2. Assess vein a. Length b. Depth c. Circumference d. Fullness 3.Choose IV size 4. Remove tourniquet C. Pediatric Topical anesthetic 1. Time warranted 2. Topical EMLA Cream 3. Subcutaneous lidocaine II. Insertion (Demo) A. Prepare equipment 1. Set up supplies B. Insert IV 1. Clean site (Chlorhexadine) 2. Distraction 3. Insert angiocath a. 30 degree angle 4. Blood â€Å"flash† 5. Thread catheter 6. Remove needle a. Apply pressure 7. Attach T connector/extension tubing a. Secure device b. Apply tegaderm C. Assess patency 1. Blood collection a. Pull syringe (3 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL) b. Connect tube holder 2. Saline flush a. Educate patient b. Flush 5-10 mL NS c. Assess flow and site III.Monitoring A. Ongoing assessment 1. Visualize site 2. Intact dressing 3. Intermittent flush 4. KVO fluids B. Infection prevention 1. Hospital start 72 hours 2. Rescue start 24 hours 3. Signs of infection 4. Medication administration C. Discontinuing IV access 1. Explain procedure 2. Apply gloves 3. Remove tegaderm/tape 4. Remove angiocath 5. Assess angiocath 6. Apply gauze with pressure 7. Apply tape Conclusion Today I have demonstrated the process of starting an IV on a patient. As you have seen the procedure requires expert skill and precision along with confidence and experience to achieve optimal results.Following proper technique can prevent placement error, injury, and infection. It is also important to remember that patient education before and during the procedure can help reduce anxiety, stress, and fear. Memorable Ending: The next time you find you or your loved one on the other end of a needle having an IV placed remember this demonstration. If you have questions or concerns about the procedure don’t hesitate to talk to your nurse. Nurses usually welcome the opportunit y to provide education because it demonstrates our skill and knowledge in addition to providing emotional support and compassion for our patients.

buy custom Chronic Illnesses essay

buy custom Chronic Illnesses essay Almost majority of all elderly Westminster faces disability challenges as well as chronic illnesses during their last days of their life. Thus the problem likely will shot up as the elderly ratio grows when the aging baby nears the retirement. At the moment community and health services cannot channel the attention of care the elderly chronically ill needs. Availability of caregivers for this population is narrowing down and the up keeping of the seniors is getting even more costly. But the future for this population is brighter, it is not glued to mean the end of their life, the seniors even having very serious chronic illness can as well live nicely. The health care of Westminster has adapted renewals demographically before and can as well do the same again. As a matter of fact adapting will comprise of ending care provision in the current ways and visualizing on the deliverance and financing the crucial and necessary services. Introduction Most elderly generation experiences chronic conditions. In my Continentals Evaluation program for the sake of health care planning, there is need to view the conditions in the major categories: the nonfatal, serious, eventually fatal chronic illness and frailty. Nonfatal The most common nonfatal chronic conditions include hearing, vision or the arthritis. In most cases, majority of the elderly lives with these conditions gradually worsening over time hence posing a threat to live at the advanced stages. The chronic condition eventually leads to health care costs and disability. Serious, Eventually Fatal, Chronic Conditions Most cases of deaths occur as a result of the worsening chronic conditions. The fatal conditions which are chronic include cancers, strokes, and dementia and organ system failures (e.g. those affecting the kidney, liver. heart and the respiratory system). Most of the older people have to live with one of these. No research has yet estimated this rate; the fact is that about 40% of those with years above 65 years involve kind of disability. Need/problem statement Majority of the edged Westminster citizens currently faces disability as well as chronic sickness during their final years of life. Thus for those elderly (sick and disabled) who are faced with challenges of accessing care to meet their needs, really proves painful. During this period, to their families it becomes very expensive as well as stressful. So their is a need to address community service delivery, and the health care facilitation which seems to be in the shortcomings of meeting the great and still growing population of elderly undergoing prolonged illness and disability before they die. Objectives Therefore based on those milestones affecting the elderly my evaluation program is to be based in the issues of chronic sickness during the last moments of life. The program is going to seek the demographic description, it will seek to establish the current gaps in the health care systems, it will also reflect on the reform strategies needed to give directives to urgent needs. Basically the evaluation program will be to underline vision in a bid to identify a system of health care confronting the current reality. Pogram Planning My evaluation program will address the following so as to design an immediate response to the challenges emerging before the limit of the point of harmful dysfunctions Address the caregivers shortages. Federal finance policy reform. Consider the cost-effectiveness of treatment. Plan strategically. Building the care system that works. Address the Caregivers shortages The number of chronically ill elderly has to be balanced against the number of available caregivers. If the chronically ill and disabled elders cant access day to day competent care then the rest of the health care concerns/reforms are likely not to make sense/impact. For this population paid attendants, volunteers and the care givers usually are paid low wages, un conducive working environments, few or no opportunities for professional development as well as isolation. Thus the following reforms have to be incorporated so as to improve the working conditions and availability of the caregivers: Pay family care givers. Offer benefits for the caregivers (health, disability, and retirement benefits). Improve the professional caregivers wages. Provide adequate training as well as the provisioning of at-home support. Bring together family care givers through online conversations, organizations as well as through newsletters. Reforming the Federal Finance Policy During the final days of life is when the federal dollars make payments for the most health care costs. Unluckily federal payments currently are not directed to promoting continuity of care giving over a long period. Federal payments fails to engulf family and care giver support, symptoms control, supportive home care not even professional developments targeted at narrowing down the rate of decline in patient malfunctions. In the last phases of life Medicare is the major financing method in the last phases for medical services. Of all the persons who die in the United States Medicare covers 84%. Basically under program of fee-for-services, service providers, doctors and hospitals receives the payments for each billed service. Hospitalization whereabouts commonly are packaged and paid in a single fee for the whole hospitalization. This plan doesnt contribute to the continuity of care but only encourages billable services. There is no coverage made to cater for classroom education of patients, bereavement support, caregiver training, on-call advice as well as spiritual counseling. Medicare manned care has not contributed enough to manage the high costs of those seriously ill; thus most of the Medicare managed plans cannot potentially capitalize by their own to deliver good care. The attracting members already very ill are perceived to be financially disastrous. Therefore some of the points outlined below can really align the Medicare coverage closer to the care expected. Medicare needs certain/ defined performance criteria specifically for core care elements like the symptom relief, advance care planning as well as the continuity. Medicare managed care benefits payment can be highest for the seriously ill, additionally to recent adjustments for gender, diagnosis, age and region. For the patients who dont have advance care planning at their first hospitalization, hospitals need be paid much less for second admission for a same serious chronic condition. Considering the Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment The escalating expense of curbing sickness at the end of life has raised issue of concern that few of the Americans have been willing to indulge: The need to give expensive new treatments un to the people whose life expectancy is drastically limited, even in the presence of treatment. However, even raising the subject in re conditioning access to life prolonging treatments (costs, effects upon quality of life, or effects on life span) in Westminster might provoke controversy. T he best and easiest way is to cut back on services which are difficult to track. Thus the challenge is to devise a manner by which the federal budget to care those with fatal chronic sickness to match dominant challenges and concerns of the chronically ill families and elderly, even if the strategies of the program means very costly treatments are at times not available to some of chronically ill elderly who might benefit from. Practical approaches possible to making this happen Tailor services to evidence about what covered population values. Need the consideration of life span, competing co-morbidities, and quality of life with treatment in guidelines for professional and Medicare coverage usage of treatments which will be mostly used for the people with serious chronic illness. To authorize Medicare including the Medicaid to develop for measuring merits amongst the beneficial treatments and services. To consider competing shortened life expectancy and co-morbidities in decisions about the individual treatments. Plan strategically Extra efficient reform program will depend on the design of pursuing high-leverage strategies and omitting low-leverage ones. Nevertheless in this area, reformers would undoubtedly perform no better with regards to strategic planning Some of the possibilities which need to improve at the present uncoordinated efforts include Carrying out statewide and regional trials of major innovations. Calling for stakeholders and others with experience in reform efforts to value options and figure out a short listing of agendas for all to endorse. Simulating the innovations effects in model systems. CONCLUSION Building a Care System That Works A dependable care system which has to help the chronically ill elderly live well at their final stages of their life is supposed to make about seven promises: reliable symptom relief, correct medical treatment, customized care, no gaps in care, a consideration for a family situation, no surprises in the course of care and lastly assist as needed to produce the best of every day. Buy custom Chronic Illnesses essay

Meet Zapier CoSchedules Latest Integration [NEW FEATURE]

Meet Zapier s Latest Integration [NEW FEATURE] Managing a marketing team with MULTIPLE tools Is more than tough†¦ It’s CHAOS. You end up spending a majority of your day jumping from screen to screen. Commenting on the SAME updates in a hundred different places. And wasting a huge portion of your day on mundane tasks. If only there was a way to sync all your productivity tools in ONE place ;) Introducing ’s latest integrationZapier!  Connect your favorite tools + automate your workflows with your NEW secret weapon. Meet @Zapier: @’s Latest IntegrationWith Zapier, you can: Automatically sync all your productivity tools in ONE place. No more jumping from screen to screen to manage multiple applications! With Zapier, you can easily sync all your events, tasks, content AND projects from other tools directly into your calendar. Eliminate mundane tasks + duplicative efforts! With the Zapier integration, you can easily set up automatic workflows that put time back on your calendar so you can focus on creating content that *actually* grows your business AND increases profits. 💠° Which means you can spend less time worrying about tracking + managing a million different tools†¦ and finally have time to focus on projects that *actually* matter to your business. 😎 Automatically Sync All Your Productivity Tools In ONE Place As marketing lead, you have a THOUSAND things to manage. (And honestly, you like it!) But constantly jumping from screen to screen to keep track of everything across multiple applications†¦ that’s the part that’s not so fun. #truth Luckily, with Zapier, you can stop jumping from screen to screen to manage multiple applications! Easily sync all your events, tasks, content AND projects from other tools directly into your calendar. Let’s dive into how it works. Sync Up Your Events Have trouble managing the thousand events you have scattered between Google Calendar and ? Set up a Zapier integration to create an event in any time a new event is added in Google Calendar. Sync Up Your Tasks You love your project management tool, but you also love . The problem? You waste precious time tediously adding the SAME tasks in both tools. *sigh* But it doesn’t have to be that way. 😠 Easily sync up your tasks inside from Asana, Trello, Basecamp 2, Basecamp 3, or Wrike by setting up a Zapier integration! Sync Up Your Content Tired of managing content between multiple applications? Set up a Zapier integration to create content in any time a new card is added in Trello, or a new row is added in Google Sheets. Which means you can stop jumping from screen to screen, save time, and easily manage your ALL your content in . Sync Up Your Projects Managing large projects is already hard enough. But having to jump between multiple applications to keep track of the SAME projects? It’s insanity. Luckily, with a little help from Zapier, you can get all your projects in one place! Easily set up a Zapier integration to create a marketing project in any time a new project is added in Basecamp 2, Basecamp 3, or Asanawhen a new event is added in Google Calendaror when a new row is added in Google Sheets! Which means you can stop jumping from screen to screen (and focus on executing your projects instead). No matter how many tools you use (or what tools you use)†¦ With Zapier, it’s easy to automatically sync every  event, task, piece of content, AND project in one place! Eliminate Mundane Tasks + Duplicative Efforts! When you spend half your day copy/pasting comments about project updates.. . Transferring content from one tool to the next†¦ Or sifting through random to-do items scattered in your email inbox Something’s gotta give. 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How to Become a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer

How to Become a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer If you’ve welcomed a baby into your family (or have seen your cousin’s nonstop Facebook updates about her pregnancy), you’re probably familiar with the basics of what a sonographer does: he or she takes pictures of a fetus in utero. What you may not know is that sonographers aren’t just involved in the pregnancy process. They use equipment to diagnose a variety of medical conditions throughout the body, including the abdomen, chest, cardiovascular system, and the musculoskeletal system. Diagnostic medical sonographers are essential medical professionals as the medical technology field continues to develop and give us even clearer glimpses into the furthest reaches of our bodies.The Day-to-DaySonographers work one-on-one with patients, using imaging equipment (often in concert with x-rays, MRIs, CAT scans, and nuclear medicine studies) to help diagnose and treat internal medical injuries and illnesses. They are usually found in hospitals, but may also work in private clinics or other specialized healthcare settings. Diagnostic medical sonographers generally work full-time (typically 37 hours or more per week), but may have evening and weekend shifts instead of a standard Monday-Friday schedule. They are frequently on call, and should be ready to work on short notice when needed.For more on the daily life of a sonographer, check out this video: So You Want to Be a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer.The RequirementsDiagnostic medical sonographers should have strong backgrounds in math and science, with an associate’s degree or higher preferred- though some employers may hire directly from high school and provide on-the-job training. Two-year programs for sonography are commonly found at colleges and universities, and if you’re interested you should seek out a program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. Depending on where you live, diagnostic medical sonographers might also need to be certified- so definitely check your state’s requirements.The SkillsThe dental hygiene field calls for a number of special skills and knowledge bases, including:Attention to detailEquipment knowledge and everyday useDiagnostic/analytical skillsClinical knowledgeInterpersonal skillsCommunication skillsPatient care techniquesThe PayPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary for diagnostic medical sonographers is $62,540, or $30.07 per hour. And according to PayScale, the field has a very strong job satisfaction rating among surveyed sonographers.The OutlookDiagnostic medical sonography is a field that will be recruiting heavily for the foreseeable future. The BLS expects that the job will grow by at least 24% by 2024, much faster than average.If you decide to go into this rewarding healthcare field, great! Just don’t be like this medical professional, okay?Interested? APPLY HERE

Women Involved in Social Reform in the 19th Century Essay - 1

Women Involved in Social Reform in the 19th Century - Essay Example However, this role is not enough, as they are also required to be career oriented and ambitious. The ‘Cult of True Womanhood’ that entitled women as deities of the household enabled women to regard their self-importance, as the whole theory attached with the concept of womanhood was self-destructive. There was a strategy to make women acknowledge their role associated with their families and homes only. However, according to the concept, women were regarded morally and virtually superior to men. The concept accommodated men as creatures prone to do wrong and entitled women as the guardians of the household who not only tried to safeguard men from flawed lives, but also kept graceful nature to bear the uncertainties of their husbands. This paper discusses American women’s involvement in social reform in the 19th century and women formed a good total of American population. The ‘cult of true womanhood’ encouraged women in the 19th century to become invo lved in social reform by standing with men in terms of running their households and they witnessed promotion of their gender ideologies through education. The ‘cult of true womanhood’ arrested women in their houses and assigned them the role of managing their households domestically only. â€Å"When depicted within households, women were romanticized as â€Å"Republican mothers† and cultivated companions† (Boydston, 1996). The women were required to tend to the needs of the men of their homes, their children and their families. In fulfilling their standardized roles defined as per the concept deprived of their right to work outside. However, due to economic pressure on the society, they continue to work outside for their household management. This approach of the women and their financial requirements brought men against them and they regarded working women as morally deprived and inferior to other women.   

To what extent can The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009) be described Essay

To what extent can The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009) be described as a feminist text - Essay Example Additionally, she was drug abused and a lonely woman being suffering the miseries of her life through the hands of his own people. However, she has been shown as a strong woman who takes revenge along with justifying his stance. The storyline is quite captivating in every regard making readers and viewers to enjoy every bit of it (Larsson, 2011). Though, a number of critiques have stated that the movie revolves around the subject of feminist where huge focus has been on highlighting the position and power of women in the society against the men (Newman, 2011). Additionally, with a strong plot, the movie also questions the deeds of men in the society and crimes committed by them in the form of rapes and murders. Being a string gender, the acts of men in the society and especially in the settings of Sweden have been closely analysed through the lenses of feminist approach. On the other hand, the movie supporters stated that the mainly because of the female protagonist, there have been talks about the film being a feminist text but in reality, it touches social issues that need to be understood from women’s’ perspectives (Bourke, 2007). Based on this, the discussion will revolve around analysing the fact to what extent the movie can be described as a feminist text along with discussing about the crime, sexuality, and gender in Sweden in a critical manner. The movie has some serious drama, sexual explicit, physical abuses, rapes, murders, and crime scenes that can be alluring and saddening but showcasing the reality to an extent prevailing in the backdrop of a country like Sweden. The movie shows that the publisher of the Millennium Magazine loses a case involving allegations that were published by him about the billionaire financier Wennerstrom. He was sentenced to three months of imprisonment. The female protagonist in the form of Lisbeth Slander was hired by Vanger, the patriarch of

The Higher Education Crisis by Nicholas Carr Article - 1

The Higher Education Crisis by Nicholas Carr - Article Example Carr is making the argument that the rise of the MOOC and its substantial international demand has opportunities for improving the quality of education for students around the world. Why is this? When the author compares the online courses available through paid tuition, he suggests that it has become a rather homogenous and boring model consisting of videotaped lectures, thus providing little innovation in the learning process. Hence, Carr describes several case studies in which reputable instructors, such as Sebastian Thrun, a robotics teacher from Stanford, are launching free online courses to expand higher education to the less advantaged. While it was expected that a free artificial intelligence class online would receive interest from, potentially, 10,000 students, in reality, the class received over 160,000 interested learners. This massive interest from adult learners prompted Thrun to partner with two other robotics experts to launch a new start-up online learning company, U dacity, in order to attempt to revamp the online educational process and improve its quality. As Carr attempted to illustrate that educational quality had been depleted in recent years, the concept of inspired start-up learning centers allows innovative educators to create new online learning models that are aligned with unique concepts and instructional materials. Laura Pappano of the New York Times describes some of the business model of Udacity, the online company started by Thrun where selecting the appropriate instructors involves a very discriminating set of criteria. Offered a representative of Udacity, â€Å"We reject about 98 percent of faculty who want to teach with us† (Pappano 4). This tends to support Carr’s notion in â€Å"The Crisis in Higher Education† as the MOOC concept seems to break the restrictions associated with university and college bureaucracy and liberates instructors from using a standardized online teaching curriculum and, instead, d eveloping more relevant and pioneering instructional tools and lessons for the MOOC teaching model. The concept of Udacity is that even though instructors might be renowned in their field, they are not always the best educators to provide a quality educational experience. With a more stringent set of criteria for hiring educators in the MOOC, this new concept in learning (enhanced with no-fee learning) could significantly outperform traditional campus-based learning and the for-fee online class experience.  Ã‚  

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Research Methods - Essay Example n was asked why his party chose to increase the tuition fees, he replied that it would mainly do two things; firstly, it would ensure that UK’s English universities are well funded and; secondly it would mean that the UK government would not go on raising tuition for higher education students so fast (Vasagar2012). The increasing of tuition fees in the UK has led to a lot of controversy, which has caused many individuals lash out at the Conservative regime and a majority of perspective students traumatized at the thought of having to pay off  £27,000 worth of education fees, prior to adding up the fee of their maintenance loans, as well (Bachana 2013). In the wake of all this, university students in the UK are turning to employment to be able to pay this high school fees rate, as well as settle the loans they use while in school. This essay conducted surveys, observation, journals and books, with regards to how the new English fee system has affected student employment. The main survey method that was used was conducting interviews through questionnaires. In this regard, 250 were distributed to undergraduate students in order to come up with the findings. In addition, using this type of sources will help to conduct an understandable research strategy and accurate timetable of activities. A research question should be clear, concise, centered, complex and arguable. It should be a question that everybody in the team was genuinely interested in (Munn, 2004). These aspects were particularly important because they helped us center on our research by providing a way through the research, as well as writing process. My group’s specificity of a well-developed research topic helped us avoid the â€Å"all-about† types of papers and endeavor towards supporting a particularly arguable thesis, â€Å"the new  £9000 per year English fee tuition has affected student term time employment habits.† Due to the recent debate in UK universities with regards to raising the annual

Why is mental illness a stigmatizing experience Essay

Why is mental illness a stigmatizing experience - Essay Example It resulted in a fact that they started lacking in the different aspects of life i.e. in self esteem, confidence, attaining proper medical guidance etc. "The vast majority of Americans report receiving information about mental illness from the mass media (Wahl, 1992). In our society, these images are typically inaccurate and overwhelmingly negative, characterizing people with mental illnesses as violent, dangerous, unpredictable, incompetent, and unlikable" (Alexander and Link, 2003) Form the recent year's stigma have been associated with the metal-illness and more research should have to be done to clearly understand the situations and conditions that leads towards stigmatization behavior. The people experiencing stigma are in very worse condition they mostly face difficulty in surviving with the disease and as well with the labeling and stereotyping which other people use to mark them with. (Patrick et al, 2005) "As a result of both, people with mental illness are robbed of the opportunities that define a quality life: good jobs, safe housing, satisfactory health care, and affiliation with a diverse group of people." (Patrick and Watson, 2002) A narrow research took place to consider the conditions that contributes in the stigma of mental-illness. ... 1. Physical Appearance: Goffman uses the word of "abominations" of the body" that means that the person is loathing, disgust and can be a cause of nausea. The Appearance of the person is not normal and there is some kind of malformation in the body. 2. Racism: Stigma effects diversely on people of different sex, from different cultures, diverse religion and dissimilar traditions. 3. Flaw of Appearance: It includes that the person is mentally turmoil that makes him imperfect and defected. Goffman label them as "blemishes of individual character," Three-dimensional axis is portrayed to understand the stigma based on the study of interpersonal skills and relation within the surroundings. Perception, identity and reaction are included in three-dimensional axis. (Arboleda-Flrez, 2003) "A central aspect of stigma for people with mental illnesses is the perception that they are dangerous and unpredictable" (Alexander and Link, 2003) How Stigma Is Attested Stigma attested by the attitudes of the people in the surroundings. Some of the visible characteristics clearly states that those people are stigmatized like embarrassment, frightening, bias, angriness, and stereotyping. The people that experience stigmatization, their lives become so difficult to be survive. As well as their families faces difficulties and problems to cope with them. Scheffer quoted "Stigma leads others to avoid living, socializing or working with, renting to, or employing people with mental disorders, especially severe disorders such as schizophrenia" (Scheffer, 2003) Attesting Measures of Stigma The measure that takes to attest the stigma is: 1. People avoid seeking for the treatment when they are stigmatized. They find it shameful to

Battle of Fredericksburg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Battle of Fredericksburg - Essay Example It started December 11, 1862 and ended four days later. The importance of the battle for both sides is paramount. The outcome, for instance, could prop up the Lincoln administration’s campaign for public support, which has suffered a great loss in public confidence owing to the failure of the Union forces to crush the Confederate army and defeat General Lee once and for all. On the other hand, for the Confederacy, the battle, though did not have any significant strategic import, achieved a psychological boost that trumpeted the might and capability of their forces. According to Eckenrode and Conrad, the battle is the culmination of the peak of the confederate strength in the course of the Civil War.1 How Fredericksburg came to be the battleground for this winter war was explained by Longstreet and Piston who wrote: Before the end of November it became evident that Fredericksburg was to be our winter station and the scene of a severe battle before it could be relieved†¦ To wards the latter part of the month General Jackson was called down and assigned position on the right near Hamilton’s Crossing and the Massaponax. ... Under cover of this fire, the Yankees attempted to construct two pontoon bridges opposite the city, but were repeatedly driven off by our sharpshooters in the rifle pits along the shore and in the houses.3 In the beginning the battle was expected to be a victory for the Union forces because they outnumbered Lee’s men. Under the command of General Ambrose Burnside, the Union army was 120,000 strong. General Longstreet wrote about the fateful day before the assault took place: â€Å"The flags of the Federals fluttered gaily, the polished arms shone brightly in the sunlight, and the beautiful uniforms of the buoyant troops gave to the scene the air of a holiday occasion rather than a spectacle of a great army about to be thrown into the tumult of battle.†4 But the attempt to rebuild a destroyed bridge necessary to cross into the city cost the Union Army a month, allowing Lee’s Confederate forces to receive reinforcements such as James Longstreet’s 41,000 men who began fortifying Marye’s Heights, which overlooked a wide canal and drainage ditch that the Union troops had to cross; â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson’s 39,000 soldiers who were positioned in Longstreet’s right flank; and, Lee’s 90,000 assembled army, who with the time wasted by the Union forces rebuilding the bridge, was able to secure the heights that covered most of the ground river. As events unfolded, the tides were turned and the expedition became a debacle for the Union army. The difficulty of the assault was recounted no less than General Burnside who later wrote about the bloody ambush: The stone wall [commanded by Longstreet’s men] proved too strong for the valor of our troops. Never did a hotter fire greet an advancing party. The plain in

Why is mental illness a stigmatizing experience Essay

Why is mental illness a stigmatizing experience - Essay Example It resulted in a fact that they started lacking in the different aspects of life i.e. in self esteem, confidence, attaining proper medical guidance etc. "The vast majority of Americans report receiving information about mental illness from the mass media (Wahl, 1992). In our society, these images are typically inaccurate and overwhelmingly negative, characterizing people with mental illnesses as violent, dangerous, unpredictable, incompetent, and unlikable" (Alexander and Link, 2003) Form the recent year's stigma have been associated with the metal-illness and more research should have to be done to clearly understand the situations and conditions that leads towards stigmatization behavior. The people experiencing stigma are in very worse condition they mostly face difficulty in surviving with the disease and as well with the labeling and stereotyping which other people use to mark them with. (Patrick et al, 2005) "As a result of both, people with mental illness are robbed of the opportunities that define a quality life: good jobs, safe housing, satisfactory health care, and affiliation with a diverse group of people." (Patrick and Watson, 2002) A narrow research took place to consider the conditions that contributes in the stigma of mental-illness. ... 1. Physical Appearance: Goffman uses the word of "abominations" of the body" that means that the person is loathing, disgust and can be a cause of nausea. The Appearance of the person is not normal and there is some kind of malformation in the body. 2. Racism: Stigma effects diversely on people of different sex, from different cultures, diverse religion and dissimilar traditions. 3. Flaw of Appearance: It includes that the person is mentally turmoil that makes him imperfect and defected. Goffman label them as "blemishes of individual character," Three-dimensional axis is portrayed to understand the stigma based on the study of interpersonal skills and relation within the surroundings. Perception, identity and reaction are included in three-dimensional axis. (Arboleda-Flrez, 2003) "A central aspect of stigma for people with mental illnesses is the perception that they are dangerous and unpredictable" (Alexander and Link, 2003) How Stigma Is Attested Stigma attested by the attitudes of the people in the surroundings. Some of the visible characteristics clearly states that those people are stigmatized like embarrassment, frightening, bias, angriness, and stereotyping. The people that experience stigmatization, their lives become so difficult to be survive. As well as their families faces difficulties and problems to cope with them. Scheffer quoted "Stigma leads others to avoid living, socializing or working with, renting to, or employing people with mental disorders, especially severe disorders such as schizophrenia" (Scheffer, 2003) Attesting Measures of Stigma The measure that takes to attest the stigma is: 1. People avoid seeking for the treatment when they are stigmatized. They find it shameful to

Business Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Capstone - Essay Example For example, in 2013, the company production output stood at 9,714,654 vehicles. This paper seeks to discuss some of the major aspects that have General Motors to be a successful company locally and internationally. One of the major aspects that make GM to be a unique company is that it does not have an official mission statement. However, according to the company website, making the world top brands can only be achieved through the support of world greatest workers. The company focus is to take pride of its workers and take precaution to produce exceptional cars as well as providing ownership experience to its customers across the globe. Through the commitment that the company has to its customers, the company missions makes it to be innovative thus producing quality brands that meet the needs of its customers in the local as well as global markets. GM vision is to become the global leader in transportation products thus earning trust and loyalty from its customers across the world. In order to produce top brands, the vision of the company has made it to be driven by integrity and strong team work thus making the company to enjoy high sales and dividend. One of the major GM stakeholders is the employees. With more than 219,000 skilled employees, GM has been able to improve its services in the production facilities as well as in the distribution centers. Similarly, the management team headed by Tim Solso has put in place effective management policies that have made the company to be innovative and deliver long-term investment value thus making it to effectively face off its main competitors that includes Toyota Motor Corporation, Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, Nissan Motor, Daimler AG, and Ford Motor Co among others. On their part, the shareholders have made the company to be successful based on their increased investments. This has made the company to continue giving dividends to the

An Inspector Calls Essay Example for Free

An Inspector Calls Essay Miss Sheila Birling, a prominent character in Priestlys play An Inspector Calls, undergoes many changes throughout the play. The audience and readers perspective towards her also alters. Sheila changes before our eyes from a little girl into a strong young woman. In the beginning, Sheila is described to us as being in her early twenties and very pleased with life. This gives us an impression that she is just a girl, who has not seen enough of the world yet and is very young in her thoughts. We see her as being very immature at first, addressing her parents as Mummy and Daddy. She is clearly a mummys girl who follows her parents instructions and orders For example, she meekly follows her mother to the drawing-room and leaves the men including her husband-to-be. Although she is engaged to Gerald Croft, Sheila places her husband-to-be on a pedestal, admiring him and calling h9im darling. She takes the engagement ring like a little girl would receive a new toy look, mummy! The way Sheila acts in the first part of the play makes her seem like someone who is soft, innocent and silly, or plain immature. After the Inspector arrives, our opinion towards her changes. After she confesses to the Inspector, Sheila breaks down. She feels very sorry for all the pain she has caused Eva Smith. The Inspector makes her feel responsible for using her wealth, importance and influence to get a truly innocent girl sacked from her last steady job. Sheila sobs and cries, like a child. However, our opinion really changes when she confronts Gerald. Sheila laughs hysterically, at the end of Act One, when she says, You fool. Of course he knows. And I hate to think what he knows that we dont know yet. This behaviour is rather like that of a teenager throwing a tantrum, showing her growing realisation and maturity. When Gerald begins to confess, Sheila shows a rebellious streak. She refuses to be led away by her parents who want her to be protected. This is like what the average adolescent would do when they wish to cross new territory. Sheila begins to control herself a little more rationally during Geralds interrogation Gerald falls off the high placing he was originally on as Sheila calls him by name rather than by some playful nickname.

US History Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the federal governments attitudes and actions towards blacks and Native Americans civil rights in the 19th century were very different they also had lots of similarities. Both blacks and Native Americans were treated poorly and did not have many rights. Blacks were slaves and Indians (Native Americans) were fighting to stay alive. All these negative actions were a bad look for a country that was growing bigger and bigger by the day to someday reach what the United States is today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Culture was a huge part of Indian life in the 19th century, from hunting buffalo and respecting and loving the lands that they lived on to amazing spiritual and religious ceremonies. Blacks did not have much culture because they were mostly all born slaves in the U.S.; except for the ones that were born in Africa and had good memories about they’re past culture. There were also elder slaves that had experienced the African culture who tried to pass it on to the American born slaves who didn’t have any sense of there culture. From the 1850’s all the way until 1924 the Indians were battling the U.S. militia, government and army. The Indians were being kicked off there land and forced onto reservations. Many battles such as Red Clouds war in 1863, Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 and even the Battle of Little Big Horn (Custer’s last stand) in 1876 are all examples of battles that the Indians fought against U.S. men. Many of these batt...

An experiment to investigate whether concentration of acid has an :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

An experiment to investigate whether concentration of acid has an effect on the reaction rate of the reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid. 1. The key factor I plan to investigate and what I will do to make my experiment a fair test The factor that I plan to investigate is whether the concentration of acid (the acid being HCl) has any effect on the rate of reaction between Calcium carbonate and Hydrochloric acid. I will vary the concentration and calculate rate of reaction, and calculate the effect of the factor by measuring the amount of gas given of during the reaction, and finding out how much gas is given of every 15 seconds. I will collect the gas by bubbling it into a gas collection tube in a water bath. I will use five different concentrations 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, and 40% acid. I will mix acid with water to get the desired concentration, and for each experiment I will keep the volume of the acid and water combined at 50 ml. For example in order to 80% concentration I will mix 40 ml of acid, and 10 ml of water. For each different concentration I will conduct 3 identical experiments, and collect my results every 15 seconds. I will then average out the three different results for one particular time and produce one result. I will collect 8 results per an experiment. I will repeat any measurements that don't appear to follow the general trend. Also to make sure that results are accurate I will use a 100 ml measuring tube with marking for every 1 cm3. I will measure the liquid in a test tube with 1 cm3 marking. I will conduct my experiment in the laboratory. The equation for this experiment is: CaCo3 + 2HCL CaCL2 + H2O + CO2 The variables I plan to control 1. Surface area: The surface area of each marble chip should be kept relatively the same because due to collision theory if more surface area is available the number of particles of solid reactant available for collision will increase. Therefore more collisions can occur, and it is likely there will be more collisions with sufficient energy to successfully lead to a reaction. I might not be able to keep the surface area of my marble chips exactly the same but I will attempt to keep it as similar as possible. 2.Volume of liquid: I will keep the amount of liquid at 50 ml, because if I don't keep the amount of liquid constant I will change the amount of acid in contact with the marble chips, because if there is more HCL

Dramatic Monologue Essay

Black, black, black, that is all I can see. My cold, legs froze as I attempted to walk forward through the icy mist of the darkness. The darkness didn’t frighten me, my eyes focused on the beam of light that reflected of the tips of my shoes. To take my mind off the thought of being alone, I closed my eyes, and thought of what I could be here for. I continued to close my eyes but the idea of being alone made it hard to concentrate. The air around me felt lifeless, I clenched my fist, to give me the feeling as if someone else was here with here with me. I could only hear the accelerated speed at which my heart was beating. I have never felt like this since I was in high school, when I tried out for the school cross country team. My legs became stiffer than they were before. I bit my tongue and drew back a breath; relieving myself of the pain I could feel riding up the sides of my legs. The pain then became too much for myself to handle, I bit my tongue harder and harder as the pain got worse. Suddenly the pain was gone and the feeling of relief over whelmed me. I sat on the floor, the beam sat beside me; it seemed the light was my only source of comfort in dark. My memory of home, the place I once was, is hazy but kept me from losing touch with reality. The thoughts of Catherine waiting for me after work and Beatrice preparing dinner on the stove warmed my heart. But not all my memories were like this, they were once filled with fear and disappointment. Back home, in Sicily, I once had dreams of coming to America and living the American dream, which the people of my village used to speak of. But being the oldest it was hard to be positive, and living in house for 3 with a family of 8 didn’t help either. My village was poor because of the war so it made it harder for people to find work. While my father worked during the day, as a fisherman, I and the other children played in fields behind my house. The feelings I experienced playing in the fields were nothing like feelings I felt at home. I laid on my back, head pumping as though I had been trying to study last minute for a test. The gash on my chest, which was oddly shaped like an ear, was stinging under the pressure of my shirt. I tried to remember what I had thought about before the pain kicked in. The dream of me dying felt so real†¦. there was me on the floor surrounded by people I knew †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I thought harder†¦. there people from around the block, and some I have never seen before†¦.. and the warm voice†¦. the voice of Beatrice stood out from the rest. I thought harder and tried to remember what was going on †¦.. all I could remember was the sound of people screaming my name and a pool of blood, that was spread from the bottom of my stairs to the side of the pavement. I was then clear of what I was here for. I stood up, tore the picture of Katie I had around my neck and tossed it into the light. The light then vanished and it became completely dark. It was her †¦ Katie†¦ she is the reason why I’m here. It was wrong, the feelings I felt for her that is the reason I’m here. I was supposed to look after her not fall in love with her. The jealousy I felt when I saw her with Rodolfo drove me to become this way it was the thought of her being taken away from me really got to me. But I can’t put the blame on him. It was me. All me. I laid back on my back, closed my eyes and laid completely still. If I was to wake and find myself in the pits of hell I wouldn’t be surprised. But if I were to wake up, wrapped in the arms of my love, I would take my own life then and there. So that my family could live on happy and not have to worry about how I could screw up their lives. This is the gift I give to you, my family a life to live without the thought of me.

Is College for Everyone Essay

Going to College is a choice that everyone has. I think that College is for everyone because everyone in this world has a right to a good education. I know that good education will improve my chances of having a good job and a higher wage. But on the other hand, College is not free and mostly it is expensive. We have to pay for every semester, for the books and for some student loans and some students do not want to carry big responsibilities like getting into dept or paying loans so instead of going to College they just seek help from a master craft man. A Master craft man gives you a job and share his knowledge to you straightly to the point and without consuming a lot of time. There is also a chance of being successful like a master craft man even if you don’t go to College especially if you have better learning at a trade. But even though College is not free and it cost a lot, but I think everyone should at least try going to college because everything that you spend for College will get back to you ‘cause College will afford us more opportunity to make money for the reason that most of the highest paying jobs require a college degree. And knowing you earn a degree will undoubtedly give a lifetime of pride to yourself and to the whole world. College will make you an expert at something which you can share with others. Many social service positions like Doctor, Lawyer, Teacher or Scientist require a College degree and being able to help others means you have to educate yourself first through higher education. If you have a College degree, you will be able to support your family with a larger salary. You will be able to help your children with their homework and can give them a better future as a result they will be more likely to attend College. Otherwise, if you think you already have skills and expertise and if you think it is not better to spend half of your life in school then College is not for you. You can just improve your skills and expertise by yourself or by the help of others and you can apply to a job that you are interested in and at the same time to a job that doesn’t require a College degree. Like me, I am good at working with people, I love helping them and socializing with them however, it doesn’t mean that my skills and expertise are enough. I also want to work at the field of medicine so I should go to a University because there, I can get a Doctorate degree and I believe that my skills and expertise are not enough to reach my goals in life. Going to College will more improve our ability, flexibility, skills and expertise and will expand our understanding of the world and what it has to offer. You have more chances and choices at getting a good job by going to college. You will have a better chance to stay employed longer if you have a degree. I believe that College education is extremely necessary in our modern society. Jobs now are becoming increasingly harder to get, and with the increase of the uneducated population, having a College education will allow you to get most any job you apply for. However, people can still earn money even if they won’t go to College through jobs that don’t require a College degree like Web Developer, Medical Secretary, Teacher’s Aide, Hair stylist or House painter. Also, if you join an apprentice program and you are offered full employment when you become a journeyman you will get a good pay or if you already have a secure job and you are contented in the salary, you can survive even if you don’t go to College. But if the reason of not going to College is you can’t afford it, there are solutions; you can get into College through scholarship and student loans, or if the reason is you already have a secure job, then you can go to College at night because they are open about 7 o’clock in the morning to ten o’clock in the evening and also if you lose your job, at lease you still have a choice because you go in College and you got a degree. In reality and in most cases the more education we have, the more careers and jobs we can choose from and the more money we can earn. College is a proven pathway to greater awareness socially and academically. College will expose you to things that you will not find anywhere else. You will meet new people and you get to do amazing and new activities. College will improve your socializing skills because every day you will be able to socialize with different people from different countries with different attitudes and point of views in life. College will help you to be aware in your life and in the surroundings. It will help you realize what kind of society we have in this generation. In our generation, we have a watchful and judgmental society and because of that, College will open up our eyes, it will make us conscious and will make us think what kind of life we want to have in the future with this society, in other words, College is encouraging us to have a good educational background . Yet, Colle e will give us a lot of problems like having many projects, sleeping late because of homework, and dealing with strict professors also, managing schedules but I strongly believe that those problems are helpful to us. Through the problems that we will encounter at College, surely it will make us firm, stronger and will let us stand in our own and at the next time that we will encounter problems, it would be easier for us and more likely we can handle it in a right way. W will also be able to help people to solve their problems with confidence and knowing that through our College experiences, we learned to stand up and don’t easily give up. College will greatly prepare you to create and take the jobs of the future. College prepares you for the career you’re interested at and also it prepares every student in their way of facing life. Your experiences in College education make you stronger and help you grow up maturely and your manner of working is very important because it reflects what kind of educational background you have. Higher Education will increase our knowledge which we can use it if we already got a job. College open doors of opportunity and expands our horizons. I truly believe that education is valuable because education is our passport to the good future and education is the key to success. Everything can be taken away from us but not our knowledge and skills acquire through experience and education and I strongly believe that by going to College we will reach our goals and we will be able to live in a comfortable life.

Life And Work Of Louis Kahn Architecture Essay

Louis Kahn was one of the most celebrated personalities of the twentieth century Architecture. The impact that he made with some of his plant was so singular that he was justly compared with Corbusier and Mies Van Der Rohe. Louis Kahn ‘s work made immense impact specifically on the younger coevals who were more willing to seek out the non-traditional manner of planing edifices. Louis Kahn genuinely believed that all designers should boom for alone excellence which would assist them do an ever-lasting impact on the society, as seen by the plants of Greeks and Eygpt. Keeping this end in head, Louis Kahn devoted his full calling in seeking flawlessness and pursing excellence. Louis Kahn ‘s best plants are located in India, US and Bangladesh and by the way they were produced in last two decennaries of his calling. His works represent precise integrating and assembly of construction, a soundless esteem for stuffs and visible radiations, a dedication to classical geometry, and a great trade of concern for human values. Louis Kahn was considered a puzzling mind or more like a philosopher who wanted to convey out alteration in the field of Architecture. Background Born in 1901 in Estonia, Russia, Louis Isadore Kahn is considered to be one of the most influential designers of the 2nd half of the 20th century throughout the universe. Louis Kahn migrated to the U.S. along with his household in his early old ages ( in 1905 ) . After finishing his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1924, Louis Kahn started his calling as a draftsman and subsequently worked as caput interior decorator in several other houses in Philadelphia. He besides worked in the offices of Philadelphia ‘s prima designers, Paul Cret ( 1929-1930 ) and Zantzinger, Borie and Medary ( 1930-1932 ) . In the latter half of 1930 ‘s Louis Kahn served as a private adviser to the Philadelphia and The United States Housing Authority. His cognition in modern architecture expanded when Kahn worked with European emigrants Alfred Kastner and Oskar Stonorov. In the early 1940s Louis Isadore Kahn associated with Stonorov and George Howe, with whom Louis Isadore Kahn desi gned several wartime lodging undertakings. Kahn was non merely an American designer, but was besides an pedagogue and philosopher. Until 1947, Kahn had worked with a series of spouses, after which, Kahn set up his independent/private pattern. It was during this twelvemonth, that Kahn besides began with his influential instruction calling atA Yale University as Chief Critic in Architectural Design and Professor of Architecture ( 1947-1957 ) and so at the University of Pennsylvania as Cret Professor of Architecture ( 1957-1974 ) .Significant ELEMENTS OF DESIGNKahn wanted to redefine the bases of architecture through a re-examination of construction, signifier, infinite, and visible radiation ; since his earlier work abstained from the international manner modernism. Earlier plants of Kahn had a traditional international manner of architecture. However someplace in the center of his calling, Kahn turned his dorsum on this traditional attack and pursued invention by redefining the usage of construction, light, signifier and infinite. â€Å" Louis Kahn described his pursuit for meaningful signifier as a hunt for â€Å" beginnings, † a religious resource from which modern adult male could pull inspiration † . It is widely believed that Louis Kahn, who was so a Resident Architect at the American Academy in Rome, was highly impressed by the amazing architectural efforts of Greeks, Egyptians and the Romans and this triggered the alteration in his attack of planing the edifices. Other experts believe Kahn was besides influenced by the portion of Philadelphia where he grew up. There were many factory edifices with big Windowss. These brick constructions were really solid. This industrial design is evident in several of Kahn ‘s early plants. The impact of this European experience can been seen in Louis Kahn ‘s latter works. The work undertaken by him in last two decennaries of his life demonstrated a sincere desire to make a sense of topographic point, showcased the true side of construction, and demonstrated the successful application of Platonic geometry rules. Louis Kahn must be credited for re-introducing assorted constructs which most of the modern designers had deserted like centralised infinites, utilizing extended geometric rules and showing solid mural strength. Kahn ‘s edifices are admired for outstanding usage of geometric forms and implementing Platonic geometry rules which creates brilliant experience for the users. Louis Kahn is credited in re-defining modern architecture in more than one ways. For e.g. Kahn was known to appreciate the visual aspect and feel of different stuffs that he used in his work. Kahn is besides known to hold used brick and concrete extensively and his advanced use of these stuffs demonstrated his endowment to the universe. Kahn realised the importance of sunshine and was extremely impressed by its use in Egyptians and Greek plants. Hence Kahn ‘s plants demonstrates wide-scale execution of sunshine through different sorts of interesting Windowss and gaps. Egyptian works besides inspired Kahn to utilize extended geometric forms and hence we find many of his edifices taking form of squares, circles or trigons. Louis Kahn ‘s vision on how an designer can do difference to his design can be seen from the maestro ‘s ain words. â€Å" A edifice is like a human, an designer has the chance of making life. The manner the brass knuckss and articulations come together make each manus interesting and beautiful. In a edifice these inside informations should non be put in a mitten and hidden. Space is architectural when the grounds of how it is made is seen and comprehended. †Examples OF PROJECTS WHERE ELEMENTS OF LOUIS KAHN DESIGN WERE IMPLEMENTEDAll these elements of design doctrine can be seen in all the plants of Louis Kahn get downing from his first mature work – the add-on to the Yale University Art Gallery ( New Haven, Connecticut, 1951-1953 ) . This is considered to be Kahn ‘s first architectural chef-d'oeuvre where one can see that much prominence has been give to the structural inventions demonstrated by hollow tetrahedral concrete ceiling and floor slab system , which was a mater-piece, a antic design of puting the mechanical and electrical systems. Kahn ‘s brilliant artistic sense can be seen from the design of the triangle-shaped stairway which sits in a rounded concrete shell, specifying the servant infinite to be distinguished from the served infinites of the edifice. Richards Medical Research Building at the University of Pennsylvania ( 1957-1965 ) and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies ( LaJolla, California, 1959-1965 ) demonstrated brilliant usage of infinites and is the chiefly responsible for the beginning of the phrase ‘served and servant infinites ‘ . Kahn applied his rules to make chef-d'oeuvres, which made a great trade of sense to the use of infinite and visible radiation. His edifices, like the Yale Art Gallery extension ( 1951-53 ) or the Trenton Boathouse in New Jersey ( 1954-59 ) or even the Richards Medical Towers in Philadelphia ( 1957-62 ) , create amazing effects with the alteration in visible radiation, all possible due to the intelligent usage of infinite and visible radiation. As a consequence, the user gets an wholly different experience of working in the edifice during different times of a twenty-four hours. By building Salk Institute in La Jolla, California ( 1959-67 ) , Kahn created another chef-d'oeuvre which had inordinately animating sequence of edifices. Richards Medical Towers – This edifice demonstrates many cardinal elements of Louis Kahn ‘s architecture. All these elements have been used before by other designers but non all at the same clip. Through this construction, Kahn demonstrates the application of retainer and served infinites, overcomes the job of in sufficient lighting and more significantly integrates signifier, stuff, and procedure. As stated by Romaldo Giurgola and Jaimini Mehta, â€Å" Richards Medical Towers represents a important turning point in modern-day architecture. † Salk Institute in La Jolla – This peculiar edifice emphasizes the rule, â€Å" Keep it simple and strong † . Through this edifice, Kahn has achieved amazing usage of infinite, may it be the infinite available for Laboratories where research is conducted, or may it be the office infinite where thoughts arise. This institute shows a fantastic coaction of head and action. The edifice ‘s beautiful concrete surfaces guarantee precise particularization and brilliant experience. The construction is created in such a manner that it takes attention of the demand to envelop specific infinites and does non trust on a general envelope to cover such specific infinite. Paul Heyer, described the cardinal tribunal of the edifice in a really artistic manner. â€Å" The cardinal tribunal, as a typical Kahn-like infinite of shimmering bluish H2O, a set indicating toward the ocean typifying what human enterprise can carry through at one graduated table with geometric lucidity and im portant but modest deliberation, to give to the graduated table less expanse of the ocean, here the Pacific, a affecting gesture. † Louis Kahn was known for his ability to make heroic architectural constructions that showcased human graduated table. He preponderantly used brick and bare concrete as his edifice stuffs and he used extremely refined surfaces like travertine marble for reenforcing the textures. ( http: //www.answers.com/topic/louis-kahn ) Beyond its functional function, Louis Isadore Kahn believed architecture must besides arouse the feeling and symbolism of dateless human values. Louis I. Kahn attempted to explicate the relationship between the rational and romantic duality in his â€Å" form-design † thesis, a theory of composing articulated in 1959. In his personal doctrine, signifier is conceived as formless and immeasurable, a religious power common to all world. It transcends single ideas, feelings, and conventions. ( http: //architect.architecture.sk/louis-isadore-kahn-architect/louis-isadore-kahn-architect.php ) Built-in to Kahn ‘s impression of dateless signifier in the devising of important architectural infinites is the function of natural visible radiation. Louis Isadore Kahn described construction as the giver of visible radiation. For several undertakings located in hot cheery climes, such as the U.S. Consulate in Luanda, Angola ( 1959-1962 ) . the meeting houses of the Salk institute, the Indian Institute of Management ( Ahmadabad, India, 1962-1974 ) , and the National Capital at Dhaka, Louis Isadore Kahn developed visually dynamic sunblocks. Great walls with diversely shaped gaps shield interior suites from the rough visible radiation. The evocation of a wall in ruins suggests an ancient portion Louis Isadore Kahn ‘s handling of visible radiation is a cardinal subject in two unfulfilled temple undertakings, Mikveh Israel ( Philadelphia Pennsylvania, 1961-1972 ) and Hurva ( Jerusalem Israel, 1967-1974 ) every bit good as in one of his greatest works the Kimbell Art Museum ( Fort Worth, Texas. 1966-1972 ) . In the art museum, light enters through narrow slits in the concrete cycloid vaults and is diffused through the gallery insides, which are rich with travertine and oak. Kimbell Art Museum – This Louis Kahn ‘s chef-d'oeuvre in Fort Worth is a beautiful presentation of outmost flawlessness which can be compared merely to the plants done by the Greeks. Kahn used all the tools and available resources with such perfection, that it produced a edifice which had all the constituents working in a sychronized manner and the system as a whole worked absolutely. It is hard to happen any edifice that does non use the stuffs decently and this one is no exclusion.INSPIRATION FOR OTHER ARCHITECTSLouis Kahn ‘s doctrine and extraordinary work has had influence on quite a figure of modern-day designers. Tadao Ando, in his early mid-twentiess, took intiative and travelled throughout Japan, Europe, Africa and the United States for his architectural surveies. He ne'er took any formal preparation in the field of architecture. He would analyze architecture by detecting the existent edifices and reading books of celebrated designers such as Le Corbusier, Mies Van der Roher, Louis Kahn, etc. After he had gathered plenty cognition through his journey across different states, he started his ain pattern. When asked about specifying his manner of architecture, Tadao had one time said that, â€Å" To me, walls are the most basic elements of architecture, and in all my plants, visible radiation is an of import factor † . The Benetton Communications Research Center ( Italy ) and the Naoshima modern-day art museum, ( Japan ) showed that Tadoa Ando was genuinely divine and has learned a batch from the plants of Louis Kahn. Renzo Piano ( born in 1937 ) completed his graduation in architecture in 1964 after which he worked in his household concern. From 1965-1970, Renzo Piano worked in the offices of Louis Kahn ( Philadelphia ) and ZS. Makowski ( London ) . Along with Renzo Piano, another celebrated designer who was greatly influenced by Louis Kahn was Richard Rogers. Renzo Piano met Richard Rogers at the Expo'70 in Osaka and both instantly realized that they had common involvements. One of the most celebrated undertakings of Renzo Piano & A ; Richard Roger is that of Georges Pompidou Centre in Paris. The edifice was designed in such a manner, as if it were turned ‘inside-out ‘ , with the services seeable on the outsides of the edifice doing the interior of the edifice ‘light and airy ‘ . Therefore, this edifice can be said to be made on the similar BASIC construct which Kahn had applied old ages earlier in the Arts Centre where because of his theory of ‘served ‘ and à ¢â‚¬Ëœservant ‘ infinites, immense services canals rose up through the edifice. Hence, it can be safely concluded that Renzo Piano and Richard Roger were both influenced by Louis Kahn. Architect Norman Foster is another celebrated personality influenced by Louis Kahn. Foster happened to analyze Masterss in architecture in America at a clip when Louis Kahn was planing the extension at the Yale University. Geting influenced by Kahn ‘s designs and doctrine, the two designers have besides ended up planing the universe ‘s most exciting edifices. For illustration, Norman Foster ‘s ‘Hongkong and Shanghai Bank ‘ undertaking demonstrates Louis Kahn ‘s influence on Norman Foster. Another designer inspired by Kahn is James Stirling. Stirling was known for his ‘experimental attack ‘ , which meant that he was non committed to one peculiar manner. Besides, this attack meant that Stirling was ready to seek out new thoughts and that decidedly reflected Louis Kahn ‘s quality of planing. Stirling ‘s earlier undertakings for Oxbridge stressed more importance to the construct than to the artistic and useful demands. Due to this experimental attack and stiff attachment to concept, Stirling was frequently criticized for non following architectural rules.

Earth systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Earth systems - Essay Example posing a problem to the environment is the fact that the concentration of ozone in the ground-level is increasing while ozone in the stratospheric level is diminishing (Wright 774). This is a global environmental predicament because the stratospheric ozone has beneficial use while ground-level ozone produces detrimental effects. The stratospheric ozone layer was discovered sometime in the 1870s when scientists, led by G.M Dobson, observed the diminished amount of UV rays as they reach the earth’s surface, eventually attributing this phenomenon to ozone. By deduction, they concluded that the concentration of ozone in the upper atmosphere is higher than that nearer to the ground. A century later, it was discovered that certain elements could pose threat to this layer. When the US was planning to build supersonic transport planes (SST), studies revealed that the nitrogen oxide they would emit in the stratosphere layer, where they would be expected fly most of the time at a speed three times to that of sound and at an altitude of 12.4 miles, could destroy ozone (Konvicka 272). In the stratosphere, ozone is formed through a process called photolysis, when oxygen in the atmosphere is bombarded by solar UV radiation. This causes the two atoms of oxygen to split apart and merge with the atoms of other oxygen. The ozone gases then bond to form the ozone layer. This layer of ozone forms between 12 and 15 miles above the earth and protects it as well as life on it from dangerous UV solar radiation (Butz 376; Onursal et al 19). Ozone formation and destruction in the atmosphere occurs continuously and cyclically every time the UV rays of the sun act upon them, causing the breakdown of the gas and converting the resulting energy into heat. The heat raises the temperature at higher altitudes blocking the entry of the ultraviolet rays to the lower levels of the atmosphere. The split oxygen atoms then re-bond with the atoms of other oxygen to form new ozone. This continuous

Philippines Demographics Profile Research Paper

Philippines Demographics Profile - Research Paper Example Comparison with other countries is also presented in this essay. Base on the study done in the Population Growth of the Philippines, the country is said to be considered as one of the 12th world populous country. This is one of the reasons why poverty in the said country is increasing. The Philippines' annual population growth slowed down to a rate of 1.95 percent last year, prompting economic authorities to say that the deceleration would help make the country's poverty reduction goal within reach. a - Includes the household population, homeless population, Filipinos in Philippine Embassies/Consulates and missions abroad and institutional population who are found living in institutional living quarters such as penal institutions, orphanages, hospitals, military camps, etc. at the time of the census taking. At present the Philippines has a population of (2007 est.): 91,077,287 (growth rate: 1.8%); birth rate: 24.5/1000; infant mortality rate: 22.1/1000; life expectancy: 70.5; density per sq mi: 791. (www.infoplease.com). As compared to the 2000 census the growth rate has become even slower from 1.95% to 1.8%. The reason for the decline of population growth is because of several programs created by the government, to stop the continued growth of the population, which is causing severe poverty in the country Sources of Data The Survey Dataset files includes survey and study about individual recode, household recode, birth recode, couples recode, children's recode, male recode, household recode and geographic dataset. (www.measuredhs.com). The files for the mentioned study can be access thru the UN Demographic Yearbook. Below are the data gathered from the UN Demographic Profile: Household surveys are an important source of socio-economic data. In developing countries, they have become a dominant form of data collection, supplementing or sometimes even replacing other data collection programmes and civil registration systems. (http://unstats.un.org) The Philippines' is a developing countries and the future of the country depends on it's population. Several data's are important in studying the demographic profile of a certain country. These data can be access in the UN Demographic Profile. Migration from Urban to Rural Migration is an important livelihood strategy in the Philippines. Gender differences in

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Legalization of marijuana - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of marijuana as a dry, shredded combination of stems, seeds, leaves, and flowers of the hemp plant called Cannabis Sativa. Marijuana is generally smoked in a pipe or as a cigarette. It is the most common illegal drug abused in the United States. Marijuana abuse can lead to problems with learning, memory, and social behavior. The drug can interfere with activities linked with school, work, family, etc. Several scientific studies are testing the usefulness and safety of cannabis compounds for the treatment of certain ailments. Marijuana is a popular recreational drug in the United States, and it ranks third in popularity behind alcohol and tobacco. It is estimated that approximately 100 million Americans have used marijuana. According to the surveys conducted by the government, approximately 25 million of Americans have used marijuana in the last 12 months. It also estimated that nearly 14 million of people smoke it regularly despite the har sh laws prohibiting the use of marijuana. According to NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws), marijuana is not as dangerous as tobacco or alcohol. Approximately 50,000 individuals die every year due to alcohol poisoning and more than 400,000 individuals die each year from tobacco smoking. In comparison with tobacco and alcohol, marijuana is not toxic and cannot cause death due to overdose. (NORML 1). History of Marijuana Use Human beings have used marijuana (Cannabis Sativa) for a long time. However, in the wake of the 20th century, it was classified by many countries as an illegal drug. In the past twenty years, there has been a continuous debate as to whether legalize marijuana specifically for medical purposes. The use of medical marijuana has increased in the District of Columbia and 16 states that have permitted its use. However, those who oppose the legalization of marijuana question its importance in the medical field (The New York Times 1). As stated above, the use of marijuana extends back over thousands of years (approximately 10,000 years). There is archaeological evidence that the Chinese used Cannabis Sativa. Archaeological evidence indicates that the first physical human requirements to be fulfilled by marijuana plant were the cloth making practice to offer protection from environmental hazards and climatic changes. Marijuana plant had other beneficial uses, such as important medicines (medicinal plant) and foods. Current Debate on Legalization of Marijuana Proponents of Marijuana Legalization Among the major proponents of marijuana legalization is the state of California. California has been at the forefront of marijuana policy reform (Kilmer et al. 1). The proponents of marijuana legalization state that the aim of legalization is not to make marijuana easily accessible, but rather to make the communities safer through the regulation of the substance. In other words, to take marijuana out of the underground markets, cont rol it and keep it away from the young people. In Colorado, medical marijuana is legal, and it has more than 88,000 Colorado residents who seek medical marijuana therapy (The New York Tim

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Entrepreneurs - Essay Example With the successes gathered by high level entrepreneurs who barely attained a high school education in preference of pursuing their life dreams in entrepreneurship, one concludes that their success was inborn due to their youth and relative inexperience. Research has shown that different aspects are central for one to become a successful entrepreneur. Tomczyk, Lee and Winslow (2012) portend that although personality and motivation (inborn characteristics) affects the entrepreneurial prowess, the factors are, in turn, influenced by adjustable factors such as physiology, family, culture and demographics. Skills and abilities also play a crucial role in the establishment of a successful entrepreneur. It is clear that successful entrepreneur combines both the inborn characteristics such as motivation and personality with gained traits such education and work. This affirms that entrepreneurs are both born and made. The personal attributes of creativity and risk-taking are excellent founda tions for a successful entrepreneur. However, strengthening them with education and experience makes a person stand a better chance of being successful. Otherwise, how would a person be successful if they do not combine both

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Nursing related - Assignment Example he privileges should be awarded according to the hard work and educational standards of the APN while still ensuring they follow the set legal requirements and procedures of the state. This component will be met through establishing good relationship with the credentialing members and the rest of the staff for support as well as proving my effectiveness and efficiency in the institution. The most eminent of the challenges is the privacy issue. Privacy is crucial in any institution of the patient’s records. With technology, the privacy challenge has increased tremendously due to sharing of hospital server and hence leaving the information available to hackers. The most effective of the solutions is to separate to keep on changing the passwords as the most basic of the solution as well as establish different access codes that need specific identification information that is only given to the hospital staff. The codes should also be constantly changed to prevent the information from easy access. The backup information should be accessed by very few individuals and only available with high security

Using a pendulum Essay Example for Free

Using a pendulum Essay To find the gravity by finding the period of the oscillations of a pendulum and plotting a graph. Hypothesis and Prediction: the gravity from the graph is going to equal the gravity from the formula. Variables: The independent variable is the length of the string The Dependent variable is the period of one oscillation Controlled variables are: mass of the pendulum Equipment: -Brass Ball -string -boss and clamp -stopwatch -2 metal blocks -Meter Ruler -Micrometer -The diameter of the brass ball was measured using a micrometer. Then the value was divided by 2 to give the radius.-the length of the string was measured -two metal block were clamped with the string in between, the string was tied to the bob -the bob was pulled to the side and released -the time was started when the bob passed the reference line. -a full oscillation is when the bob passes the reference line forth back and forth again. the length of the string is increased or decreased in a regular pattern the time was monitored by reading through the stopwatch. -the same brass ball was used over the experiment to keep the mass constant. the length was varied 10 times with a 10 cm difference. -4 readings were taken for each 10 cm -the time was taken for 20 oscillations. And then divided by 20 to give one oscillation. Data Collection: Table number Length of String / M i 0. 05 Number of oscillations Time Taken/s i 0. 5 Period/s i The table contains the length of the string in meters, the number of oscillations, the time per 20 oscillations and the period of one oscillation. As the length of the string deceases , the time for 1 oscillation decreases. So the length of the string is directly proportional to the period. Data Processing and presentation: Example in working out average period when the string is 1. 01 The graph is plotted with Average period squared against length of string. Y=3. 9244x-0. 0087 3. 9244=gradient. 3. 9244= (4(pi)^2)/g g = (4(pi)^2)/3. 9244 g=10. 060 from the graph. The average gravity from the formula= 100. 614/10= 10. 614 Conclusion: the results where very close to the prediction but they werent the same as the graph is a scatter diagram.-the result from the graph is more accurate as the graph cancels inaccurate measurements. Evaluation: -the method had weaknesses. -the angle of the pendulum to the reference line isnt the same in each reading which might cause a slight error. -the Air conditional may effect the pendulum; it may change its speed or change its direction. it is difficult to stop the stopwatch and start it in the reference line exactly which might induce error sometimes the ball tends to move in a circular motion and the experiment will have to be repeated.

Renewable Energy Policy Of The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay

Renewable Energy Policy Of The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay This article provides background for the current petroleum reserves scarcity problem, importance of sustainable energies, as well as the advantages and shortcomings of renewable energies development. In addition, it covers the review of renewable energy policies of four different countries, namely Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. The article also summarizes results of this study by comparing approaches taken by the governments of the abovementioned nations to solve the energy scarcity issue. Although these four developing countries take different approaches in addressing the problem, they share a common ultimate objective by reducing dependence on fossil fuel and the amount of hazardous gases, including greenhouse gases and toxic gases, discharged into the atmosphere. While certain renewable energies such as biomass energy and wind power have a tendency to generate negligible amounts of carbon dioxide, others, however, are environmental friendly. Thus, the renewable ener gies developed by these countries are fairly promising and will bring significant benefits to the countries if managed wisely. Lastly, this article also attempts to draw a conclusion on the study of the four policies based on key aspects such as natural resources available and the countries vision and propose some recommendations for further development. Keywords: Renewable energy, Sustainable, Environment 1. Introduction Energy drives nearly all parts of modern life such as the transportation sector and electricity generation. Most primary energies are derived from petroleum [1]. Overreliance on petroleum has become a serious global issue in the 21st century. According to the US Department of Energy (US DOE) report, petroleum reserves are diminishing at a faster rate than the discovery speed. Based on current oil reserves, the current consumption rate and projected consumption rate are 1354 billion barrels, 86.1 million barrels per day (in year 2007) and 92.1 million barrels per day (in year 2020) respectively [2]. Current petroleum reserves are expected to be depleted within the next four decades. The situation is worsening with the rapid growth of motorization, transportation and industrialization activities. This has led to a steep rise in crude oil prices due to high demand for fossil fuel [3]. Prior to 2000, the crude oil price in NYMEX was generally under USD20/barrel. With a higher demand than supply, the price rose to USD60/barrel in 2005 and subsequently shot up to USD100/barrel in 2011 [4]. To maintain the standard of living, searching for alternative energy resources to replace the current primary fuel source is inevitable. Furthermore, the use of alternative energy does not only solve the depletion of petroleum problem, but also generates significant environmental [5-7], economic and social benefits if managed with due regard to sustainability constraints [8]. In addition, efforts on efficiency improvement in energy production and use should not be neglected [9]. In fact, this effort should receive early attention as these objectives are easier to attain , require less investment during the commissioning stage than at the optimization stage and are environmentally friendly in meeting the needs of every developing country [10], [11]. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare four developing countries renewable energy policies in Southeast Asia. In addition, advantages and shortcomings of the policies are also identified and discussed in the later section. Further, a summary is drawn up regarding to the countries existing policies and frameworks. Lastly, suggestions for improvement on the policies are also included in this study for future review. 2. A broad look at the renewable energy policy of different developing countries Every developing country has its own unique renewable energy policy. Although some countries share a common objective or interest, none of the renewable energy policies can be identical to other renewable energy policies. For instance, the Philippines, a country which has few natural resources is mainly focusing on geothermal power in its renewable energy policy. Indonesia, a country which is rich in natural resources, on the other hand, has a more diversified renewable energy policy. In other words, the renewable energy policy of a country varies according to the countrys direction and natural resources available. In addition, efficiency of energy generated, energy used and environmental impacts are also taken into consideration during the review stage in certain policies. Although these factors do not directly affect or contribute to the development of renewable energies, impacts related to these factors should not be underestimated. Ignorance (on these issues) may lead to more ser ious catastrophic consequences to the world as some of the impacts pose significant threats to the global economy, food security, air quality and the condition of humans health [12]. 2.1 Renewable energy policy of Malaysia Traditionally, Malaysia, a country which is known for having vast amounts of petroleum resources, relies heavily on oil and gas (84%) and hydropower (16%) [13] for electricity generation. However, due to maturity of some oil reservoirs, production of oil has decreased gradually from 862 thousand barrels per day in 2004 to 713 thousand barrels per day in 2010 [14] and 630 thousand barrels per day in 2011 [15]. This problem has forced the government of Malaysia looking for viable renewable energies. To expedite the process, the government of Malaysia has established a fund, known as the Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) amounting MYR 5 billion [16] as an effort to identify alternative green energy and develop green technology. Four key renewable energy sources have been identified, namely hydropower, solar power, wind energy and biomass energy. All these energies are expected to replace petroleum in the next 50 years. However, current researches on alternative energy are mainly concentrating on palm oil based biomass and biofuel with palm oil methyl esters being the preferred fuel. According to a preliminary estimation, palm oil biofuel could generate up to 20% of the countrys electricity by 2020 [17] and expect to replace the non-renewable fuel source, petroleum. Nevertheless, combustion of biofuel is always associated with greenhouse gases discharge such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Global atmospheric CO2 concentration has reported been increasing over the past century from 280ppm to 390ppm [18]. Malaysia was reportedly discharged 164.2 million tonne CO2 or 5.98 tonne CO2 per capita in 2009 [19]. It is estimated about 235.6% higher than the figure reported in 1990. A steep rise of CO2 discharge signifies the increase of environmental and health problems such as drought, rise in sea level, heavy downpours or flooding, increase mortality of wildlife, intense heat waves and increase risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases [20-22]. Although some parties claim that development of biofuel could reduce emission of greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuel combustion, the economic, environmental and social benefits of the current generation of biofuels vary [19]. The data does not take into consideration that deforestation for planting of palm tr ees used for biofuel production can result in one-time releases of CO2 which could be very large [19]. Furthermore, use of palm oil as feedstock in biodiesel production is also not economically feasible. Production cost of biofuel has escalated with increasing demand on palm oil due to the use of palm oil as edible oil in cooking. Although there are scopes to increase yield, massive conversion of palm oil to biodiesel will reduce reserves and eventually lead to higher palm oil prices [23]. In addition, increase in demand of palm oil would also drive global food prices higher and increase the competition for edible oil. It is undeniable that the abovementioned problems can be solved with increases palm oil production, but production increases have required rapid expansion of the area planted under oil palm [24], giving rise to serious concerns over deforestation and habitat loss as well as the drainage of peat lands. While short term governmental support such as tax exemption, regulatory intervention and promotion campaign play an important role in the biofuel development, the long ter m sustainability prospect pertaining to the environmental impact and economic is uncertain. 2.2 Renewable Energy Policy of the Philippines The government of the Philippines, however, focuses their effort mainly on geothermal energy development. It can be clearly seen from the country power generation statistic that the geothermal energy accounts for 12% of the countrys total electricity generation [25]. With the total capacity of 2000MW geothermal power plant in operation, Philippines is considered as the worlds second largest geothermal power producer [26]. This figure is far higher than the amount of energy generated by any other types of renewable energy. The effort on geothermal energy development is expected to be continued as it provides a promising future to the country. The reason why the government of the Philippines maintains its existing policy is due to present of numerous volcanos in Philippines. According to Sussman et. al., Philippines islands are complex assemblage of island arcs which have been accreting between two tectonic plates. Two opposing subduction zones have generated a series of volcanoes which extends the length of the Philippines, from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao. Most of the known high temperature (>240Â °C) geothermal systems in the Philippines are associated with these volcano [27]. At the same time, the government of the Philippines also attempts to develop biomass energy. Philippines is known as an agricultural country which produces abundant of biomass resources [28] such as rice straw, coconut shell and sugarcane residues. These resources are believed to have a large contribution to biomass energy production as it could supply continuous stream of feedstock for biomass energy generation. Although researches on other types of energy such as biomass energy and hydropower are also given a fair consideration, progress of the researches remains modest. The problem is mainly due to lack of financial support from the Philippiness Department of Energy and private investors. Limited financial resource available is a great barrier for the development of biomass energy. In addition, lack of incentives is another factor that hinder biomass energy development as the production cost is considerably higher than fossil fuel price [29]. 2.3 Renewable Energy Policy of Indonesia Indonesia, a country which is rich in natural resources, intends to reduce its dependence on the fossil fuel and aims to reduce the depletion rate of fossil fuel reserves[30], by diversifying its focus on solar energy, wind energy, ocean wave energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy generation [31]. Below are the policies related to Renewable Energy development [32]: Green Energy Policy (Ministerial Decree No.2/2004) Small Power Generation using Renewable Energy (Ministerial Decree No. 1122 K/30/MEM/2002) Geothermal Law (Law No. 27/2003) Regulation on Electricity Supply and Utilization (Government Regulation No. 03/2005) The government of Indonesia also encourages private sector and community participations through a small renewable power purchase tariff [26]. Through this programme, renewable power producers are given freedom to develop their own renewable power plants such as micro hydro power plants, mini wind farms and solar power plants in rural area. In addition, the government of Indonesia also invests a vast amount of money on biomass [33] and biofuel development. One of the examples is combustion of rice husk and biodiesel. The country produces an average of 50 million tonnes of rice husk each year. These rice husks have a very low commercial value and limited application. Hence, the government of Indonesia propose to build some rice husk and biodiesel power plants adjacent to rice mills or palm oil plantations to supply energy to the local community. Based on preliminary estimation, the country would enjoy an additional 1600MW power generated each year from the biomass energy generated [26]. However, combustion of biomass is not environmentally friendly. Some of the hazardous compounds generated such as smoke, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds are carcinogenic or may cause cancer. Furthermore, emission of carbon dioxide and methane may also lead to global warming problem. According to World Health Organization estimation, more people in the developing world die each year from conditions related to air pollution which is mostly from inefficient, solid-wood-burning stoves [34]. According to a study conducted by World Health Organization, air pollution from solid fuel use was responsible for almost 2 million annual deaths and 2.7% of the global burden of disease in the year 2004 [35]. This makes biomass combustion the second biggest environmental contributor to ill health, behind unsafe water and sanitation [35]. Although the promising geothermal power and hydropower are also given a fair consideration, development of the areas seems to be difficult as potential investors are deterred by the lack of financial viability guarantee and unstable political circumstance [26]. Moreover, distribution or supply of electricity to remote areas or communities is not economically feasible and the state-of-art technology involved of this energy is more expensive than energy produced by conventional hydrocarbon fired plants [30]. Thus, the proposal of building a large scale hydropower plant has been postponed for years. 2.4 Renewable Energy Policy of Vietnam Unlike other developing countries, Vietnam is currently on the rapid economy growth track and is enjoying economic prosperity which it has never experienced before. A decade after the end of the Vietnam War, Vietnam underwent an intensive economic reform known as Doi Moi or socialist-oriented market economy which encouraged foreign and private investments in various industries or sectors [36], [37]. Since then the economic performance of Vietnam had started to escalate and experienced a more intensive growth than ever before [38]. This growth has mainly been the results of the strong performance of five sectors, namely manufacturing, fishery, agricultural, tourism and services industries. Although the economy of Vietnam, like other countries, has also encountered several economy setbacks such as the Asian Financial Crisis, the Burst of the Bubble of Information Technology and the Subprime Economic Crisis, the countrys economy has recovered very rapidly each time after the crisis and has managed to attain average GDP growth of 6 to 9% annually [39]. Improvement of economic performance has indirectly driven up the countrys energy demand. According to the data provided by the Institute of Energy of Vietnam, energy or electricity generated were estimated around 21TWh, 40TWh and 67TWh for the years of 2000, 2004 and 2008 respectively [40], [41], with fossil fuel as a primary source of fuel. Based on the figures provided above, the average annual growth rate of energy demand was estimated at about 15% for this period. Despite having abundant fossil fuel reserves, it is noteworthy that the population of Vietnam [42] also increased in line with economic growth [38]. In addition, Vietnams transportation sector is still undergoing explosive growth. By making the assumption that the rate of growth in energy demand remains constant, the total energy or electricity required by 2030 will be 654TWh [36]. This situation has forced the government of Vietnam looking for sustainable alternative energies. Failure to search for more renewable energies will eventually turn Vietnam into net importer [38], which will give its economy a hard hit as high oil price could lead to a higher manufacturing and living costs. Furthermore, IMF and Citigroup predicted that Vietnam will be subjected to further currency devaluation [43] in years ahead due to inflation problem. All these factors will lead to a more severe economy setback if they fail to develop more sustainable energies to replace the scarce fossil fuel. Electricity supply in Vietnam currently is virtually provided by the local government as more than three quarters of the power plants in Vietnam are operated by either government organizations under the governance of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam[41] or organizations which the government has stake or indirect interest in the companies. In short, most of the power plants are state-owned properties. These power plants are basically established under the first Power Development Master Plan, which is introduced to support the economic reformation [44]. Majority of the electricity supply to the northern and southern regions of Vietnam is generated using fossil fuel such as oil and gas (48%) and coal (17.9%) [39], which is considered unsustainable to both environment and economy. Electricity supply to the central part of Vietnam, on the other hand, is mostly generated using hydropower, which is accounted for 27.4% of the electricity supply in Vietnam [39] and is cleaner than fossil fuel combustion. Use of hydropower can be explained by the number of rivers available in Vietnam, which has about 2400 rivers of 10km long [41]. This enables the country enjoying the free and clean resource without compromising its sustainability policy. However, the potential of hydropower is still not fully exploited in Vietnam. Based on rough estimation, up to 70TWh of hydropower electricity could be generated annually [36]. The figure is higher than the countrys current energy need. Thus, the government of Vietnam is currently reviewing the existing strategy and master plan to develop hydropower for the period up to 2015 [45]. The plan of developing hydropower is not a sole solution, but certainly a wise move. In addition to the development of hydropower, the government of Vietnam also explore the possibility of utilizing wind power to generate electricity. In comparison to other countries, Vietnam has a better potential for wind energy development [46] as the country has a higher average wind speed of 7 to 9 m/s at a height of 65m [40]. Another reason encourages the country to develop hydropower is that it provides a competitive generation cost advantage. An estimation based on current wind power generation, with the cost of 8 US cents/kWh [40], indicates that the generation cost of wind power is at least 50% cheaper than other renewable energies. Moreover, wind farms can also be utilized to cultivate crops [47]. In other words, installation of wind turbines would not deter the development of the agricultural sector. This is particularly important to the country as the agricultural sector contributes significantly to its GDP. Furthermore, agricultural activities are bread and butter for p eople of the country. According to the Federal Research Division, agricultural activities account for the employment of approximately 60% of the nations workforce [48]. Thus, development of wind power could bring double benefits to the country. Although wind power generation is also associated with CO2 emission, the emission rate of CO2 from wind turbines is 100 times lower than that of coal combustion, which is insignificant or negligible. A part from the abovementioned energies, the government of Vietnam also explored other potential renewable energies such as solar power, biomass energy [49]. Solar energy is a very promising renewable energy for Vietnam as it is located very close to equator and receives up to 4500 hours sun light every year. Likewise, generation of electricity using biomass is also sustainable as Vietnam is rich in organic and natural resources such as forest, plants, agricultural by-products and edible oil. However, development of renewable energy was very slow and the move was not well received by the community previously. This was mainly due to factors such as limited understanding of renewable energies, lack of expertise support in this field and ignorance about importance of renewable energy to the country. Thus, the updated revised Master Plan for Nation Power Development of Vietnam has already included design principles for the implementation of the Vietnam Competitive Generation Market [50] to increase potential of renewable energy development. In addition, renovation of management is also taken into consideration to attract foreign investors [37] and foreign talents. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Finance also shows a strong support on the plan by increasing tax imposed on profit gained by power plants through oil, gas and coal combustion. 3. Conclusion In conclusion, energy is essential to every countrys development. However, overreliance on fossil fuels in energy generation has become a critical issue. Following the footsteps of the developed countries, most developing countries in Southeast Asia have started reviewing their sustainable energy policies and searched for viable renewable energies to replace the scarce resources. While some countries choose to focus on biomass energy or wind power research and development, others, on the other hand, take a more diversified approach. These policies are mainly designed according to the resources available and each countrys vision. For instance, Malaysia allocates more financial resources on biofuel development as the country possesses vast amounts of palm oil plantation or land. While the Philippines choose to maintain its exploration effort on geothermal energy and biomass developments as country is located in the western part of the Pacific Rim, which is the weakest part of the earth crust [51]. This gives the country the advantage of using the magna of the earth crust to generate steam and electricity. Indonesia, a country which is rich in natural resources, tries to variegate fuel resources by exploring different potential energies. Their counterpart, Vietnam, however, chooses to invest on hydropower development as it has more than 2400 rivers with 10km long [41]. In addition, efficiency of energy generated and environmental impacts are also taken into consideration during policy review stage as legislators believed that under-estimation of the impacts related to these factors may lead to catastrophic impairments to environment and economy. It is undeniable that development of all these renewable energies would reduce human dependence on fossil fuel, however the long term prospect for these energies is uncertain. For instance, combustion of biofuel may not be environmental friendly as well as economically viable in the long term. Thus, a more comprehensive evaluation should be taken into consideration during the policy review stage. In addition, present energy strategy should adapt to new criteria which must be followed in future energy system development [52].